Eczema in children. What are the symptoms? Treatment of eczema
Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a common skin condition in children characterized by dry, itchy, inflamed skin. Symptoms of eczema can vary from mild to severe and may include:
Dry, red, or inflamed skin: Areas of the skin may appear red, irritated, and inflamed, especially in the folds of the elbows, behind the knees, on the face, neck, wrists, and ankles.
Intense itching: Itching is often severe and can interfere with sleep, daily activities, and quality of life.
Scaly or crusted patches: The affected skin may become rough, scaly, or develop crusts, particularly if scratched repeatedly.
Thickened, leathery skin: In chronic cases, the skin may become thickened, leathery, and darker in color, a condition known as lichenification.
Oozing or weeping lesions: In severe cases, eczema lesions may ooze fluid or develop small blisters, which can increase the risk of infection.
The exact cause of eczema is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors. There is no cure for eczema, but treatment aims to manage symptoms, prevent flare-ups, and improve the quality of life for affected children. Treatment options may include:
Emollients: Regular use of emollients (moisturizers) helps to keep the skin hydrated and reduce dryness and itching. Emollients should be applied liberally and frequently, especially after bathing.
Topical corticosteroids: These anti-inflammatory medications are used to reduce redness, itching, and inflammation during eczema flare-ups. They should be used sparingly and under the guidance of a healthcare professional to avoid side effects.
Topical calcineurin inhibitors: Medications like tacrolimus and pimecrolimus are used as alternative treatments for eczema, especially in sensitive areas of the skin or when corticosteroids are not effective or suitable.
Antihistamines: Oral antihistamines may be prescribed to help relieve itching and improve sleep, particularly if itching is interfering with the child’s ability to rest.
Avoidance of triggers: Identifying and avoiding triggers that worsen eczema symptoms, such as certain fabrics, harsh soaps, allergens, and environmental irritants, can help prevent flare-ups.
Wet wrap therapy: This involves applying a layer of wet bandages over emollients or topical medications to increase hydration and enhance the effectiveness of treatment.
Biologic medications: In severe cases of eczema that do not respond to other treatments, biologic medications that target specific immune system pathways may be considered.
It’s important for parents or caregivers of children with eczema to work closely with healthcare providers to develop a personalized treatment plan tailored to the child’s individual needs and to manage the condition effectively.
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